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1 Intensity distributions at different propagation distances of a lasing beam with two different intensity distributions at two different propagation distances. (a) Distinct apple image at near-field plane, ${z} = {0}\;{\rm mm}$      z    =      0          m    m  , (b) distorted image at ${z} = {100}\;{\rm mm}$      z    =      100          m    m  , (c) distorted image at ${z} = {200}\;{\rm mm}$      z    =      200          m    m  , and (d) distinct star image at midfield plane, ${z} = {300}\;{\rm mm}$      z    =      300          m    m  .
2 Schematic representation of the imaging and quantification protocol: (a) images of two histology slides containing serial tissue sections, two stained with H&E (upper slide), and two unstained (lower slide, with the arrows indicating the position of the tissue sections); (b) large image depicting one H&E-stained tissue section; (c) image sets acquired on slides containing breast tissue; (d) polarization angle vs. SHG intensity (color-coded, with frames from 0 to 10 corresponding to polarization angles from 0° to 180° in steps of 20°) and images obtained from the FSHG image set and corresponding histograms; (e) image sets acquired on slides containing epithelial tissue. For (c) and (e) the MPM images are pseudo-colored: blue-color for FSHG, green-color for BSHG and red-color for autofluorescent tissue regions (probed by TPEF).
3 Reconstructed images taken from different locations (see Visualization 1).
4 Ballistic expansion, coupling, and interference of two polariton condensates. Recorded (a) and (d) real-space and (b) and (e) far-field PL of two condensates with separation distances 		  ${d_{12}} = 12.7\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      						  d			  			    12			  					      		      =		      12.7		      		      			µ			m		      		    		 and 		  ${d_{12}} = 89.3\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      						  d			  			    12			  					      		      =		      89.3		      		      			µ			m		      		    		. Corresponding far-field interference patterns after masking of the emission in real space to block all emission outside the 		  $2\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      2		      		      			µ			m		      		    		 FWHM of each condensate node are shown in (c) and (f). (g) Distance dependence of the integrated complex coherence factor 		  $|{\tilde\mu_{12}}|$		      			|		      		      						  			    			      μ			      ~			    			  			  			    12			  					      		      			|		      		    		, while keeping the excitation pump power constant at 		  $P = 1.2{P_{\text{thr}}}$		      P		      =		      1.2		      						  P			  			    thr			  					      		    		, where 		  ${P_{\text{thr}}}$		      						  P			  			    thr			  					      		    		 is the measured threshold pump power at a distance of 		  ${d_{12}} = 12.7\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      						  d			  			    12			  					      		      =		      12.7		      		      			µ			m		      		    		. Blue circles correspond to experimental data and orange squares to GPE simulations. Red curve is a Gaussian fit [Eq. (2)] to the experimental data points. Inset shows the pump power dependence of the coherence between two condensates separated at 		  ${d_{12}} = 12.7\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      						  d			  			    12			  					      		      =		      12.7		      		      			µ			m		      		    		. False color scale in (f) applies to (b)–(c) and (e)–(f) in linear scale and to (a) and (d) in logarithmic scale saturated below 		  ${10^{- 4}}$		      						  10			  			    −			    4			  					      		    		 of the maximum count rate. Scale bars in (a) and (d) and (b)–(c) and (e)–(f) correspond to 		  $10\;{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}$		      10		      		      			µ			m		      		    		 and 		  $1\;{{\unicode{x00B5}\text{m}}^{- 1}}$		      1		      		      						  			    µ			    m			  			  			    −			    1			  					      		    		, respectively.
5 2D classification. Representative examples of reconstructed 2D models shown on a logarithmic scale, with each row representing a different sample. The numbers indicate how many patterns had that model as the most likely one. The first two columns show models selected for further processing. The third column shows diffraction from rounded/spherical particles, except in the cub17 case where there were no spherical particles and the model shows diffraction from a dimer instead. The fourth column shows some of the low-contrast models generated by averaging patterns from a diverse set of particles. The resolution at the edge of the circle is 3.3 nm.
6 Residual maps from polishing the lattice backed mirror. The								locations of each map: (a) 12 o’clock, (b) 3 o’clock,								(c) 6 o’clock, and (d) center. The								peripheral samples (a)–(c) are at the same radial								distance, which is equal to the mounting radial								distance.
7 Cross-sectional view of the complex Bessel beam analytically computed by Eq. (6) for different OAM orders ($\nu$  ν), with ${\phi _{{G},0}} = 0$            ϕ                        G                ,        0              =  0, $\delta = {25^ \circ}$  δ  =            25      ∘      , and $M = 100$  M  =  100, over the same area as in Fig. 3. Top row: transverse amplitude. Bottom row: transverse phase.
8 Simulated wide-field FDCD images and chiral SIM images of chiral                            filaments with different dissymmetry factors controlled by the                            multiplication factor m. (a-c) Deconvolved wide-field                            FDCD images with                                 $m$                                        m                                                                 = 1, 10, and 100, respectively. (d-f) Reconstructed                            chiral SIM images with                                 $m$                                        m                                                                 = 1, 10, and 100, respectively. In this demonstration,                                 $\Delta                                        t$                                        Δ                                        t                                                                 = 1 s and                                 ${I_0}$                                                                                                                                    I                                                0                                                                                                                                                     = 50 W/cm2. The color bar indicates the                            value of the normalized differential fluorescence. Scale bar: 2 μm. The                            yellow arrows mark an area, which shows resolution improvement in chiral                            SIM images.
9 Amplitude and phase of the transmission matrix components connecting the different incident modes to a single output mode (amplitude maps are average of ${n} = 10$  0.17            l      ∗       experiments). (a) For diffusive media, the amplitude of each transmission matrix element is nearly uniform regardless of the illumination NA. (b), (c) For thin anisotropic scattering media, transmission matrix elements show higher amplitude bias for lower spatial frequency input modes. (d) As the thickness is increased, the amplitude distribution of each transmission matrix component becomes more similar with the diffusive medium and evenly distributed showing that more input modes have similar contribution to the corrected focus. The corrected phase maps shown in the insets for all samples are random showing that multiple scattering is induced for all samples considered.
10 CCD arrangement in numerical simulation.
11 (a) Channel structure of the full Stokes parameters in the							Fourier domain. Fourier transformation of inputs for various							bandwidth scenarios: (b) low spatial, high temporal;							(c) medium spatial, medium temporal; (d) high spatial, low							temporal.
12 Experiments on a 1-bit defocusing projecting measuring system. (a) One of the captured deformed fringe pattern. (b) Original wrapped phase. (c)-(d) Staggered wrapped phases. (e) Fringe order. (f) Reconstructed absolute phase using the traditional phase unwrapping method. (g) Reconstructed absolute phase using the proposed generalized Tri-PU method. (h) Divided tripartite regions of fringe order. (i) Enlarged subimage in (f). (j) Enlarged subimage in (g).